Non-destructive testing methods

Non-destructive methods allow you to "look" inside a construction or metal part without destroying it (and in some cases without even touching it), as well as to establish its physical and mechanical properties. Non-destructive methods widely use all kinds of penetrating radiation, taking into account their interaction with materials. This allows you to subject all products without exception to control in all parameters without destroying or damaging them. The most common method of non-destructive testing is flaw detection. Its principle is based on the transmission of bodies and media opaque to light rays. Thanks to this, it is possible to detect hidden internal defects in various materials and products, including construction. Depending on the type of penetrating radiation, flaw detection can be ultrasonic, X-ray, infrared, etc. In the practice of quality control of materials, ultrasonic flaw detection is used. With its help, the tested product (structure) is "sounded" (illuminated) and the reflected pulses from the material, which are visible on the screen of the ultrasonic flaw detector, are judged on the presence or absence of a defect. But the flaw detector does not give any data about the shape, size and location of the defect. It gives only one-element (one-parameter) information about the object under study, i.e. information characterizing only one parameter of the object under study. The possibility of multi—element information was provided by introscopy (intravision) - one of the most effective methods of non-destructive testing.

It made it possible to directly see the internal structure of the product material and construction, opaque to ordinary visible light. Non-destructive methods allow us to indirectly evaluate certain physical and mechanical properties of materials. This means that it is impossible, for example, to directly measure properties such as strength or density. However, they can be evaluated depending on some physical quantities. For example, in construction, when using acoustic control methods, the strength of concrete can be characterized by different speeds of ultrasound passing through concrete. When carrying out numerous measurements, a correlation curve is obtained between the strength of concrete of a certain composition and the speed of ultrasound. This confirms the possibility of determining the strength of concrete indirectly. Along with ultrasonic flaw detection, there are introscopic methods in the arsenal of non-destructive methods. Introscopes use all kinds of penetrating invisible radiation and allow you to see the internal structure of the test object. However, the image received on the introscope screen is flat. The combination of holography with introscopy allows you to get a three-dimensional image of the internal structure of the object. The devices used in non-destructive testing methods, unlike the devices used in destructive methods, are portable, small-sized. Holographic non-destructive methods allowed us to create by technical means a fundamentally new organ of perception, not equivalent to any of the human ones, which made it possible to penetrate the invisible. Sosyal casino ve BetAndreas bahis şirketi gerçek ödemeleri kabul etmemektedir. Kumarhaneyi gerçek parayla oynayamazsınız ve banka kartlarına veya kripto para birimine para çekerek gerçek parayla bahis oynayamazsınız. Slot oynamak için 18 yaşından büyük olmalısınız. Betandreas casino Live-Games - canlı bayi oyunları: poker, bakara, tekerlek, 42'den 7'si, 60'ından 6'sı, zar düelloları vb.